Pagers, once a common business communication appliance, have an important and often storied history of utility, innovation, and some controversial aspects. In this article, I will explore the history and evolution of pagers, historical uses and features, notable manufacturers, usage and consequences in conflict zones (especially Lebanon), and current use by groups, including Hezbollah.

A Short History of Pagers

Pagers (also often called beepers) first appeared in the late 1950s, providing a method for doctors and specialties in the hospital emergency room to receive a notification that there was an incoming phone call. In 1956, Motorola developed the first commercially successful pager, allowing users to receive a message alert if there were away from the “problem”.

In the 1980s and 1990s, pagers became common amongst the public, especially in urban environments. They shown dimension, affordability, and completion of messages for emergencies as moving accessories pertaining from mobile phones. As users could leave a message but not respond in ‘real time,’ were useful in one-way messaging for work as pagers were a timely effective device just the one-way pagers selling for initially less than $15.00 and the two-way pagers intermittently appearing thereafter.

Major Manufacturers

Motorola, Motorola Solutions, and NEC were key players in the pager industry among others. Key players included in developing the technology and expanding the technology. Despite the decline in the industry’s popularity along with the rise of mobile phones in the early 2000s, some manufacturers are still producing pagers today for narrow markets like healthcare and emergency services that use the simplicity and reliability of a pager.

Pagers and recent explosions they caused in Lebanon

In Lebanon, at least 32 individuals were killed on Tuesday and Wednesday, including two children, and thousands were injured, many of whom seriously injured, when communication devices, some belonging to the armed group Hezbollah, detonated in multiple locations.

In the most recent detonations on Wednesday, walkie-talkies exploded, killing 20 and injuring at least 450, as reported by Lebanon’s health ministry. These detonations occurred in the vicinity of thousands of people who had gathered to mourn four individuals killed in the simultaneous explosions of pagers on Tuesday that killed at least 12 and injured nearly 3,000.

Why Hezbollah uses  pagers?

The Shiite militia and political party Hezbollah in Lebanon, which relies on pagers for at least some operations, utilizes pagers for its communications strategy for several reasons:

Operational Security: Pagers enable a relatively secure and more discreet form of communication, reducing the risk of interception compared to a normal phone call.

Simplicity and Reliability: Pagers can be used in areas with limited or no infrastructure, and when electricity is unavailable, making them particularly viable in conflict zones.

Less Sensing Risk: The usage of pagers can reduce the risk of detection and electronic surveillance which is particularly needed or desired when operating in a hostile area.

Finally Pagers may constitute a precise development in the history of communication technologies, which were originally created to improve connectivity and efficiency. Yet when considered in the context of conflict, the case of pagers in Hezbollah stands for the duality of technological development. Pagers had multiple applications; they were used for communication, but also to facilitate command and control in warfare. Even as technology advances, it becomes evident that pagers will continue to be part of the Hezbollah legacy.

Shifting our perspective toward understanding the development of technologies and their ramifications will improve our understanding of the process of real-time communication for both civilians and military. This insight will also reveal the complicated situation of having a convenient communication tool of prominence in the strategies of conflict and counter-terrorism.

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